| Spondylus spinosus Schreibers, 1793 |
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| Western Indian Ocean to Red Sea and far eastern Mediterranean. Cemented to hard substrate in the infralittoral down to about 40m deep, often in clusters. Synonyms: dentatus, marisrubri, proboscideus, ramosus… The shell of spinosus differs from that of groschi by the colour of the spines (most of them are white), and by their shape: all are sharp, and never spatulate. Above and below: a specimen from 2m deep, Iskenderun Gulf, SE. Turkey. 91,7mm. |
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| Internal margin red-brown. Two or three secondary radials between the primary. |
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| Area of attachment relatively reduced. Foliations smaller and more numerous than in groschi of same size. |
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